6W class A Audio Amplifier

When I have nothing to do, I like to listen to songs, so for long time I wanted to make my own audio amplifier that can drive two 4 ohm speakers(i.e. stereo). I wanted it to be compact so I was in search of suiatable IC that has stereo amplifier and able to be driven from PC sound o/p or mp3 player o/p. I ended with the IC known as TPA 1517 from Texas Instruments. This is a 6 W stereo audio amplifier IC and requires very less external components. It can be driven from power supply ranging from 9-18 v. The circuit diagram from the datasheet is as shown below.

For more information on the IC and its internal construction, download datasheet from here.

All you have to do is just join the circuit and enjoy the amplifier. I have made it and tested it with my two 4 ohm speakers. Its quality is quite good. It can be driven from the PC as well as mobile phone (with 3.5 mm jack output) and also from TV's audio out pins. One more thing is that use only regulated power supply otherwise it would produce a annoying background humming sound. I used my variable regulated power supply made using LM 317 IC. You can supply voltage to be between 9v to 18v. I used RCA female jack for both input and output. Although volume control is not shown in the circuit diagram you can add volume control just by adding two 10k potentiometers in two input channels as shown in figure below. Repeat this for the second channel.


This amplifier is quite easy to build and very compact. I have mounted it in a visiting card box with input and output female jacks taken out. To connect supply, I have used a 3 pin circuit board mounted header.

So what are you waiting for? Just make it and enjoy your favourite music.

If you have any doubts or problem making this thing or have anything to say to me then write a comment or mail me at dmehta17@gmail.com.

IR remote controlled switch

I am back with an another easy to make stuff. This time I have made a remote controlled switch.This switch will turn on & off when a button on its remote is pressed.

Now lets do some brain-storming on this. I have used IR rays to transmit the command to turn on or off the switch. So first of all we need a IR transmitter and an IR receiver.
Earlier I wanted to use IR rays of constant intensity (i.e. driven through d.c. current) on the transmitter side (To know more about IR rays and how to use them in communication, visit: IR Transmission post on my blog ). But IR receivers (or sensors) are available which are capable of detecting IR rays of some particular frequency. No good IR receivers are available which can detect IR rays of constant intensity. Phototransistors are available which can detect IR rays of constant intensity but they are sensitive to light also so they cannot be used.

So we have to use a circuit which generates a particular frequency as a transmitter. And a IR receiver which can detect the same frequency as generated by the transmitter.

How the whole thing works?

When a button is pressed on the transmitter side , IR rays of particular frequency will generate. They are detected by the IR receiver. As a result, IR receiver will produce a negative going pulse. This pulse is given to the counter circuit. In the counter circuit, if we see the last digit of the output, it has alternating output. When first pulse arrives, it goes high and remains high until next pulse arrives. On the next pulse it goes low and stays low until next pulse arrives. On the next pulse it again goes high and this thing is repeated. So now, when we first time press the button on the transmitter, the output on the counter IC goes high. On again pressing button, it goes low. Now we have to control the relay so that we can do the switching. Now the counter has a very low output current (~5 mA), and to energize the relay, we need current of approx. 20mA. So we have to use a transistor in common emitter mode to drive the relay on and off.
The whole circuit is divided in main two parts.

(1). Transmitter

"Ingredients" for the circuit

a 555 timer IC
0.0047uF ceramic or metal film capacitor
470 ohm resistor
5k variable resistor (potentiometer)
two high power IR LEDs
47ohm resistor

I have made a transmitter using 555 timer IC of 38KHz frequency. The output of
the IC (pin no.3) is given to two IR LEDs through output resistor of 47ohm.

Circuit Diagram



(2). Receiver

"Ingredients" for the circuit

TSOP1738 IR receiver module
74LS90 Decade counter IC
BC547 Transistor
100 ohm resistor
15k resistor
50k resistor
LED
7805 voltage regulator IC
12 v Relay
100uF electrolyte capacitor

Circuit Diagram

The whole receiver can be divided in three parts.

1. IR sensing circuit
To detect 38KHz IR, I have used TSOP 1738 (click here for datasheet) IR receiver module. The function of this module is as described below.

TSOP1738

This receiver module has three pins. One for Vcc(+5v) (pin no.2) one for ground (pin no.1) and one for output (pin no.3). Normally, when sensor is black (i.e. no IR rays falling on it), the output pin stays high. But when it detects 38KHz IR rays, the output pin goes low momentarily thereby producing a negative going pulse. To use it we will have to build a circuit to bias it as described in the datasheet.

2. Decade counting circuit
As a decade counter, I have used 74LS90 (click here for datasheet) decade counter IC. Since it accepts negative going pulses, it is a good choice to be used with the IR sensing module.

3. Relay driver circuit
Output of the decade counter is used to drive the relay on or off. For this I have used BC 547 transistor in common emitter mode. The output from the decade counting IC is given to base of the transistor through a 50K resistor. And a 12v relay is connected in place of collector resistor. So when the output of the counter IC is high, base of transistor is forward biased, thereby turning on the relay. When the output of the counter IC is low the relay is turned off.

When you have made the circuit, put the transmitter in front of the TSOP1738 receiver and keep changing the value of 5k pot. on transmitter till the LED on receiver blinks. Now you are ready to use the circuit. I have made the circuit on the PCB and it has quite good range (approx. 15 foot).

If you have read the post and like to add something or have any trouble making this or have anything to say, then post a comment or mail me at dmehta17@gmail.com